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running commentary

The internet is filled with things. Here are some of them.

#infrastructure

2025

What's up with radio station call signs? 2025 Feb 19
Why do American radio stations west of the Mississippi River start with K whereas those to the east start with W? This Big Think / Strange Maps article doesn't answer that question, exactly. It comes close, but it never quite addresses why we need two different prefix letters depending on which side of the country you're on. Because one prefix wouldn't have been enough? So someone crash landing on our planet can quickly determine which side of the Mississippi they've landed on? Because America got assigned those prefixes in the international negotiations and by golly we're going to use them? No answer is forthcoming.

But I link this article anyway because it does at least provide some interesting trivia around the entire topic. Namely, why the letters K and W in particular? We learn that the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunications Union assign the US four prefixes: K-, W-, A-, and half of N-.
It seems that the letters A and N apply only to military radio stations (A to Army and Air Force, N to Navy and Coast Guard) – and that they are the basis of the otherwise seemingly random choice for K and W. The Morse Code for A is dot-dash (.-) and for N is dash-dot (-.). Add a dash to each, and you get W (dot-dash-dash, or .--) and K (dash-dot-dash, or -.-).
I also learned that "radio call signs are reversed out on the ocean. Ship radios on America’s Pacific coast start with W, and with K on the Atlantic side."

So what about all those terrestrial radio stations that start with W- or K- but aren't on the appropriate side of the Mississippi river? The article enumerates the exceptions and provides the reasons for each, except for the three nobody can explain. The majority stem from the K/W divide prior to 1923 being placed further west. Some others come from radio stations which were once "portable" or otherwise moved or were granted exceptions. And one in particular (KTGG) was because someone in government "mistook Michigan for Missouri" – amazing.

And then there's the fact that while the Mississippi River forms the border for most of the states it passes alongside, it bisects Louisiana and has its headwaters inside Minnesota, meaning those states' radio call signs are all over the place, apparently.

So, basically, it's all arbitrary.
Q&A with a person who survived yesterday's commercial jet crash 2025 Feb 18
Want to know what it's like to walk away from a crashed jet airplane? Well, here's a reddit with a person who did just that yesterday when the Mitsubishi CRJ-900LR plane she was on crash landed in Toronto, the wings ripping off as it rolled over to a stop in stormy, snowy conditions. As of the latest reporting, there were 18 injuries and zero fatalities among the 76 passengers and four crew members.

Of note, the woman answering questions admits that during the evacuation a flight attendance had to "yell at me for grabbing my backpack" which... yeah, there's a reason you're not supposed to do that. Cuz you gon' die.
Is the California High Speed Rail project reasonable? 2025 Feb 9
The linked article is about how our country's new president dislikes my state's High Speed Rail project, and while his opinions aren't interesting to me, the Fresno Bee does what he can't and enumerates actual facts, detailing the issues plaguing progress. It's a bleak picture: an "abundance of lawsuits", rushing into construction purely to meet funding deadlines, a glacial pace of acquiring right-of-way, and hundreds of millions of dollars in change orders, all with an estimated final pricetag somewhere between $88.5 and $127.9 billion.
All of those issues and more set set in motion a domino-like series of circumstances that continue to plague the project, which is now not expected to begin carrying passengers between Merced and Bakersfield until sometime between 2030 and 2033. No time frame has been offered for building or operating future extensions to San Jose or Los Angeles.

Still, the rail authority said it is poised for the future. “The majority of the approximately 500-mile system from San Francisco to Los Angeles is fully environmentally cleared and stand shovel-ready for future phases of investment,” the agency’s statement said.
I would not be the first to see this and wonder, is our country no longer capable of building great big things? Not to say there's no innovation happening in America, that we're not progressing in capability, but those advances now seem to come solely from small, private teams working in isolation and not the big society-driven we're-all-in-this-together initiatives that created the groundwork for the American century.

All us Californians wanted when we voted this damned project into existence is to get from NorCal to SoCal with the ease, comfort, and simplicity of those fancy trains we get to experience when visiting Europe and Japan and China. It didn't cost $127,900,000,000 to connect Paris to Marseille in eco-friendly 200mph rail routes, did it? This report from 2011 says it costs France (at that time) €16-27 million per kilometer to lay track, with this updated map on Wikimedia Commons showing what's been completed since, going from approximately 1,800km to 2,800km of TGV's LGV rail in the same timespan since CAHSR was greenlit. That 1000km is coincidentally about the same length as the proposed rail between SF and LA, and it cost France (using the estimate above) a total spend of €16-27 billion. My math is very rough (people argue over all these numbers) but even if I'm only in the ballpark, there's a staggering difference between the 1,000km of track that France has actually built in the last 14 years and the 0km that California has built for spending in the same rough-order-of-magnitude.

I'm hoping I can one day get to LA via high speed rail, but between the project's slow progress and my sincere doubt that our current president's "investigation" will do anything to actually help it, that hope is withering.
California High-Speed Rail Almost Begins Laying Track 2025 Jan 7
I voted for the California High Speed Rail back in 2008, as a joke. Now, seventeen years and five billion dollars later, they are laying the first rail tie ... except not really. And people say bureaucracy is slow and inefficient.
[Governor] Newsom said that officials were "finally at the point where we can start laying track over the next couple of years," after work clearing the way between San Fransisco and Los Angeles was completed. ... Services are expected to start between 2030 and 2033.
Of course, this is a touch hyperbolic. Getting the rail corridor is the difficult, slow, costly part of the project. Actually laying the rail comes last. Quoth this reddit:
To start: when you're building a train line, putting down the tracks is one of the last things you do. Just like how you can't lay down tracks for a subway until all the tunnels are dug, you also can't lay down tracks for a bullet train until you've built out all the bridges, viaducts, etc. Once that's done, actually laying the tracks is fairly simple by comparison.

2024

Plat of Zion 2024 Oct 11
I was previously unaware that the founders of Mormonism Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, in addition to creating their modern spin on Christianity and convincing their friends that sleeping with dozens of woman (many below the age of consent) was actually fulfilling a religious obligation, had utopian dreams of planned cities. And they're about as successful as you'd imagine: enforced in Salt Lake City despite leaving the place unfriendly and hostile to everyday folks.
Terminal Island: Touring The Edge of America 2024 Sep 5
As I have been lately complaining, Terminal Island on the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach is a difficult yet fascinating place to visit. So while it may be a trick for us to get there, we can always live vicariously, such as through this Center for Land Use Interpretation guided tour back in 2005.
Los Angeles Export Terminal 2024 Sep 5
In 1997 the city of Los Angeles spent considerable money building these two huge hemispheres out on the port to facilitate the export of coal. Just as they were completed, the coal export market collapsed, and then domes then of course became mired in a complex web of lawsuits. But here, on this page, in full 360-degree interactive panoramas, let us remember the time Los Angeles built on its coast a pair of gigantic breasts.
Mark Bixby Memorial Bike Path 2024 Aug 19
It is very difficult to be a pedestrian on Terminal Island. The ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles dominate Terminal Island, and are largely responsible for the island's very existence. But the place is covered in "No pedestrians allowed" signs.

In May 2023 that changed with the opening of the Mark Bixby Memorial Bike Path. Offering a bike and pedestrian route from Long Beach and across Terminal Island, it has unique views and impressive backdrops. However sometime after it's grand opening, it closed due to "construction." I can find no mention of this construction online. I believe it's a conspiracy, that the Port Authorities objected to having pedestrian access to their ports and so begrudgingly opened the Bixby Path with some fanfare and then quietly closed it again as soon as nobody was looking.

But maybe I'm reading too much into it. (I'm not, I'm just trying to not appear unhinged.)
Crowdstrike's impact on aviation 2024 Jul 29
When Crowdstrike did a whoopsie a couple weeks back, exactly how many flights were canceled? This guy did the research.
Burying poop in the ground... for good and profit! 2024 May 5
What if we took nature pooping to an industrial scale? Could it actually be a solution to greenhouse gas emissions? I don't understand how it possibly could be, but the people in this Verge article seem to think so, and some very large companies are throwing money at them to make it happen. Actual answer to our ongoing catastrophe or wishful poop thinking?
Santa Justa Lift 2024 Apr 11
There's a beautiful and fantastical industrial age elevator in Lisbon, Portugal that's still operating, partly as a tourist attraction but also as a real part of the city's public transit network. Imagine if we took such care and interest to pedestrian needs in America.
the top of the DNS hierarchy 2024 Feb 26
This link is a meandering, plaintext description of the core of the internet's DNS and which nonetheless gives a good summary of the technology and its history. I learned some things, some of which are even about DNS.
Why Name a Street After Locusts? 2024 Feb 14
The linked blog post from 2012 asks the same question that I had – why are so many streets named "Locust"? Locusts, after all, are gross vermin, and streets tend to named after desirable things or presidents or people's names. Frustratingly, though the blog post links to an answer, that answer is now missing due to internet rot. However, this 2006 newspaper article from Centralia (wherever the hell that is) contains what is likely the answer to my question: "Despite the joke that Locust referred to the destructive swarming insect, the street's name is in reference to the tree species, as are most streets in the area." And that not only makes sense, but it's so obvious I'm wondering why I couldn't come up with that answer on my own.
Setting up the Fremont Cabal Internet Exchange 2024 Feb 12
One of the three Internet Exchange Points at Hurricane Electric's FMT2 datacenter in Fremont, California is FCIX – the completely volunteer-run sponsor-powered internet exchange. It's somewhat fascinating to learn about, if you're interested in internet backbone systems.
Why do high voltage power lines hiss when it's raining? 2024 Feb 12
All uninsulated lines show corona. [Corona discharge] just [is] not a big deal until you're dealing with a pretty high voltage. As the voltage goes from a very big positive to a very big negative, the air around it gets ionized... This is the normal mains hum... Water is much, much heavier than air, and it ionizes just as easily. So on a rainy or humid day, the corona is pulsing with water in it. This gives it momentum, so the heavier water particles travel out farther. But they themselves are ionized, which means they can ionize more air than the line could normally reach on its own, and ionized air is conductive. And there's almost always 3 of these lines pretty close together. The sound you're hearing is a million teeny tiny electrostatic discharges from all the charged up water particles interacting with each other with nearby lines or grounded objects. This is actually the worst time to be anywhere near them; the air is supposed to be their insulator, and at that moment it isn't working as well.

2023

Total Telephone line length by country 2023 Nov 24
The top 10 countries on this chart parallel some sort of metric crossing industrialization, population, and modernization but won't likely glean much more than an arched eyebrow from someone familiar with these places. More curiously is the bottom of the list, where Guinea – that country in West Africa with 13.5 million people living in it – appears to be the only country on the planet with no telephone lines.
Why are cities so full of potholes? 2023 Nov 6
City roads are often frustratingly rough to drive on. Why? This random comment on reddit actually has a good and thorough answer to this question, listing out the difficulties in getting the right materials in, the heavy amount of patching required, the high workload the streets are placed under, and constraints on the installation timelines that prevent proper settling.
Denver Airport's website has a page listing the conspiracy theories about it 2023 Oct 26
The reptilian overlord's tail is in its mouth tonight. This is obviously a counter-informational campaign designed to make those who know the truth look like fools. How deep does the rabbit hole go?
The Mystery of the Bloomfield Bridge 2023 Aug 30
In case yesterday's confounding dive into local trivia merely whetted your appetite for following bunny trails to their conclusion, I present to you the "mystery" of why this pedestrian footbridge in suburban Minneapolis was built. A long and exhaustive read, but one which is ultimately fruitful.
This desolate English path has killed more than 100 people 2023 Jun 26
The Broomway is a public path in England that's over 600 years old and lies 440 yards off-shore. Accessible only during low tides, a travel writer visits The Broomway in this article and talks about the reality of transiting a byway that may very well sweep you out to sea.